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Peptide basics

What does molecular weight tell you about a peptide?

⚡ Short answer

Molecular weight is the mass of one molecule, given in grams per mole (g/mol) or daltons. For a peptide it works like a fingerprint: if mass spectrometry measures the expected weight, that is strong evidence the right molecule is in the vial.

Educational onlyUpdated 22 Oct 20262 sources
Peptide basics

What the number means

Add up the mass of every atom in a molecule and you get its molecular weight. Every amino acid adds a known amount, so each peptide sequence has its own expected weight. PubChem lists the expected weight for each compound.

You may see two kinds of figure. The average molecular weight (what PubChem and most labels show) allows for natural isotopes. The monoisotopic mass uses only the most common isotope of each element and is slightly lower. Mass spectrometry reports often use the monoisotopic mass.

Peptide basics

Why reports show odd numbers

Mass spectrometry measures charged molecules. A peptide that picks up one proton appears at its mass plus about 1, written [M+H]+. One that picks up two appears at roughly half its mass plus 1, written [M+2H]2+. That is why BPC-157, at 1,419.5 g/mol, is often reported at about 710.8.

Peptide basics

What it cannot tell you

The order of the amino acids. A scrambled sequence of the same amino acids weighs exactly the same. Confirming order needs fragmentation (MS/MS) or sequencing.
Purity. A vial can contain the right molecule plus a lot of something else. That is what HPLC measures.
How much peptide is in the vial. That needs a separate net peptide content test.
Educational information only

Educational information only. Nothing here is medical advice, dosing guidance or a recommendation to use any substance. Research peptides are not approved medicines and are not for human or animal consumption. Speak to a qualified professional and follow the law where you are.

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